DRONE MAPPING APPLICATIONS
DIRECT GEOPOSITIONING
A direct geopositioning system monitors the position of a drone to a high level of accuracy, synchronizes this position to camera events and records information that can be used, in a post-processing step, to provide a priori estimates of the camera location for each acquired image. A direct geopositioning system is used to reduce the amount of ground control needed to achieve a specific level of accuracy or even eliminate it altogether in some cases, making direct geopositioning a tool that can improve both the accuracy and financial bottom line of projects.
DIGITAL ELEVATION MODELING
The detailed modeling performed in a typical drone mapping workflow uses a rich data format called a Point Cloud. However, most CAD and GIS software requires a regularized grid of elevation “posts” as their elevation model input. For example, a gridded elevation model with a post spaced on 1-meter (3 feet) intervals might be the preferred format for a CAD-based analytic operation. These Digital Elevation Models (DEM) are derived from point clouds that have been “classified” such that only ground points are used in generating the elevation model.
BORROW PIT ANALYSIS
Borrow Pit Analysis is a differential volumetric computation. It is a specific application of cut and fill computations used in earthworks analysis. The goal is to determine the change in volume over time. This change may be a cut (where volume is decreased) or a fill (where volume has increased). For example, if you are selling dirt from a borrow pit, the analysis is used to compute how many cubic yards/meters have been removed since the last time you conducted an analysis. Drone mapping is an excellent tool to use for differential volumetrics. The frequency of analysis is typically too high to support the high cost of manned aircraft remote sensing and the sites are often small enough to make drone mapping practical. However, great care must be taken in assuring consistent vertical references for the data
CONSTRAINED STOCKPILE
VOLUMETRICS
It is frequently the case in volumetric monitoring that an established base geometry needs to be used in the computations, regardless of the current topology. For example, a site may have been surveyed prior to the placement of stockpiles. After a period of time, the ground disturbance is such that this original base line data can no longer be directly measured. Instead, the measured baseline data must be added during the analysis process as a priori model constraints. Using model constraints requires specialized analytic software as well as high vertical accuracy relative to a common datum.
TOPOGRAPHIC MAPPING
Topographic (”Topo”) mapping is the process of creating a three dimensional (3D) model of the terrain (ground) of a site from data samples collected at the site using a drone-borne sensor. The output products can include digital contours, digital elevation files, cross sections, triangle models or discreate point models (point clouds). Source data for topographic mapping can be collected using either a dense image matching (DIM) technique or airborne LIDAR.
STOCKPILE VOLUMETRICS
Small Unmanned Aerial Systems (sUAS or drones) along with exciting new image processing algorithms are enabling a fundamental change in how stockpile volumetric computations are performed. It is now possible to create accurate three dimensional models of stockpile areas using inexpensive cameras carried by a low cost sUAS (drone). From these 3D models, volumetric computations are easily derived. These new technologies result in significantly lower cost of collection, improved accuracy and non-disruptive data collection. Best of all, they keep data collectors out of harm’s way with collection performed from a low altitude drone.
ORTHOPHOTO GENERATION
A Digital Orthophoto Mosaic (usually just called orthos) is a seamless mosaic of images that have been corrected for elevation distortions. They are often used to simply provide a “picture” of a site. If an elevation model of the ground was used in the ortho production process, measurements of distance and area can be directly made from the orthos. If a first surface model was used in the ortho generation (which is often the case in drone mapping software packages), you will still have a high-fidelity image of the site but measurements will not correct in areas where objects (trees, buildings, vehicles, conveyors and so forth) extend above the ground surface. An ortho is usually produced as a byproduct of nearly every drone mapping operation since they are so valuable for providing synoptic site information. When an ortho is the only desired product, more relaxed vertical accuracy techniques can be applied which generally decreases project cost.
DATA MANAGEMENT
Drone mapping lowers the cost of small site mapping to such a degree that users tend to map much more frequently than was performed with prior technology. For example, a mine pit might now be topographically mapped on a monthly basis rather than quarterly. Many users of drone mapping technology are managing multiple sites. These factors mean that much more data are being collected and hence need to be managed. The natural solution is an environment that is light on IT requirements but provides easy access to users across an organization. AirGon provides Reckon, an Amazon Web Services (AWS) solution that allows a user to post results to a secure portal that provides a browser interface to authorized personal who have need to access the data. A simple example is a collection of several sites posting volumetric results that are collectively available to the accounting department. Reckon requires no IT infrastructure other than a PC for posting data and a browser to perusing results.
MOBILE LIDAR SURVEY
RAILWAY INFRASTRUCTURE
Traditional railway survey methods require frequent measurements on the rail base, the top of the rail, and the rail base on the opposing side—a labour-intensive, disruptive, and occasionally dangerous process. Our Mobile Mapping System is a safe, easy, and rapid solution for collecting Lidar survey data in and around railway areas of operation. Installation of the equipment on a railway “speeder” has demonstrated the LiDAR’s ability to provide unprecedented survey detail for rail asset management. In contrast to traditional survey methods, Lidar and video data acquisition take much less time, minimizing the disruption of rail traffic, measurements are more frequent, and are easily chosen by the system operator, and in addition, surveyors are not put in harm’s way.
TRANSPORTATION, HIGHWAY, AND ENGINEERING
Analysis of road infrastructure
Location of encroaching overhead wires, light poles, road signs, etc.
Bridge structure and overhead clearances
Road surface conditions
Complete asset management for cities and counties.
AIRPORT INFRASTRUCTURE & BUILDING INFORMATION MODELING (BIM)
Our Mobile Mapping System provides a remarkable capability for rapid 3D mapping of airports, structures, runways, terminals, access areas, to support AAI NextGen Initiatives, etc.
A Mobile Mapping system is an accurate, cost-effective means to capture a building’s exterior, site, and environmental conditions as input for the BIM process. This allows for a complete picture of the building and infra- structure in minutes, versus hours for traditional external laser scanning.
MARINE, COASTAL AND UTILITIES
Our Mobile Mapping offers unsurpassed 3D detail when surveying from a marine craft (boat) in motion. Even with movements associated with navigation around river bends, the Laser system collects high-accuracy data of river banks, vegetation, ridge walls, gravel bars, etc.—all in a single pass.
Our Mobile Mapping provides a remarkable capability and flexibility for the rapid 3D mapping overhead wires, utility, and power infrastructure including substations and power transmission corridors (when mounted on an ATV).
GPR SURVEY
Our GPR systems empower informed decision-making. Understanding what lies beneath the surface in materials like soil, rock, rubble, pavement, concrete, water, ice and snow, and opens endless possibilities.
GPR FOR ROADS AND RUNWAYS
Pavement Structures
Pavement Forensics
Buried Targets
Sinkholes & Voids
GPR FOR BRIDGE INSPECTION
Bridge Deck Deterioration
Bridge Construction Practices
Bridge Forensics
CONCRETE ASSESSMENT
GPR can safely and non-destructively provide information about the internal structure of concrete, including the position, amount and cover depth of rebar, evidence of corrosion, locations of structural elements including post-tension cables and indications of potential voids. This is critical for confirming quality of newly built structures, assessing safety and condition of existing structures, and planning for future renovation projects
UTILITY LOCATING
Prevent damage by accurately locating all buried pipes and cables prior to excavation. Ground penetrating radar can be used as part of the utility locating workflow to provide more complete locates and reduce risk.
Detect and Map Metallic or Plastic Utilities | Conduits & Voids | Gas Lines | Power Cables
ARCHAEOLOGY
Search for artifacts and tombs
Map foundations of ancient structures
Find graves and burials
INFRASTRUCTURE
Assess concrete structures for deterioration
Measure pavement characteristics
Locate metallic & non-metallic utilities
HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY
HYDROGRAPHIC MAPPING
We have innovative and robust data acquisition, processing systems and methodologies to deliver data of exceptional quality in all water depths from the shoreline. Government agencies and private sector companies are among our clients.
LAKE, RIVER & RESERVOIR SURVEY
we also survey the inland water such as reservoirs, rivers and lakes. These projects have involved sedimentation measuring, inspection of bridge foundations, floodplain modelling and capacity or volumetric calculations for dredging.